My fondest memory of visiting Jordan years ago was of the famous ruins of Petra. As I ventured through the narrow slot canyon leading to Petra, the towering walls seemed to enclose around me, creating an atmosphere of anticipation. Suddenly, as if emerging from the very rock itself, the Treasury revealed itself in all its grandeur. The intricacy of the carvings and the sheer scale of the structure left me speechless. It was a moment of profound connection with history. As I continued to explore, the ancient ruins unfolded before me, each corner of this city a testament to the lives that once thrived here. It was awe-inspiring to imagine this place as a bustling hub of activity, filled with the hustle and bustle of a bygone era. The echoes of the past seemed to resonate through every stone, and I couldn’t help but be captivated by the rich history that permeated the air. While Jordan is undeniably renowned for the awe-inspiring wonder of Petra, there exists a wealth of treasures beyond its rose-red city. Here is an overview of the country to help you learn more about this fascinating place.
Jordan is officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Saudi Arabia to the south and southeast, and Israel and Palestine to the west. To the west, it also has a small coastline along the Red Sea. Its capital and largest city is Amman.
Geography: Jordan’s landscape is diverse, ranging from arid deserts in the east to fertile valleys in the west. The Jordan River Valley and the Dead Sea are significant geographical features. The country is known for its impressive rock formations, with the ancient city of Petra being a prime example. I’ve included a map below. If you click on satellite view (lower left corner), you can see just how arid Jordan is. This leads to some of it biggest challenges discussed below.
History: Jordan has a rich history that spans thousands of years. It was home to several ancient civilizations, including the Nabateans, who built the famous city of Petra, and the Romans, whose ruins can still be found in places like Jerash. Jordan has also played a significant role in the biblical narratives, with sites like Mount Nebo and Bethany Beyond the Jordan being of great religious importance.
Culture: Jordan is known for its warm hospitality and the friendliness of its people. The majority of Jordanians are of Arab descent, and the official language is Arabic. Islam is the predominant religion, with the majority of Jordanians being Sunni Muslims. There are also small Christian and minority communities.
Economy: Jordan’s economy is considered to be developing. Key industries include tourism, agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. The country faces challenges such as water scarcity and dependence on imported energy resources.
Political Structure: Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. King Abdullah II is the current monarch. The country has a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
International Relations: Jordan is known for its efforts towards peace and stability in the Middle East. It has diplomatic relations with many countries and is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, Arab League, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Challenges: Jordan grapples with a multifaceted array of challenges. Economic inequality persists, with urban areas enjoying greater access to resources and opportunities than rural regions, leading to social disparities. The country is ensnared in the web of regional conflicts, bearing the weight of instability from neighboring countries like Syria and Iraq. This geopolitical turbulence has direct repercussions on Jordan’s own security and resources. Environmental issues loom large, as water scarcity grips the nation, making it one of the most water-scarce countries globally. This scarcity poses a critical threat to daily life and agriculture, a sector vital to Jordan’s economy. Moreover, Jordan stands as a haven for a significant population of refugees, mainly stemming from the protracted conflicts in neighboring countries. While providing sanctuary, this influx strains resources and infrastructure, challenging the country’s capacity to meet the needs of both its citizens and those seeking refuge within its borders. These interconnected challenges test Jordan’s resilience and require a delicate balancing act between domestic priorities and regional responsibilities.
Visiting Jordan offers a variety of historical, cultural, and natural wonders. Here are some must-see attractions and activities for anyone planning a trip to Jordan:
- Explore Petra: Any surprise this is the top pick? Petra, often referred to as the “rose-red city,” is a mesmerizing archaeological wonder that stands as the crowning jewel of Jordan’s historical heritage. This ancient city, nestled amidst rugged desert terrain, is a testament to the architectural and engineering prowess of the Nabateans, who carved their civilization into the very heart of the rose-red sandstone cliffs. As you step into Petra, it’s akin to entering a time portal, where every stone tells a story. The intricately carved facades of the Treasury and other structures evoke a sense of awe and wonder, showcasing the meticulous craftsmanship of a civilization long past.
- To truly absorb the grandeur and mystique of Petra, it’s recommended to dedicate a full day to wander its labyrinthine paths, allowing time for contemplation and marveling at the intricate details that adorn every surface. It’s an experience that transcends mere sightseeing; it’s an immersion into a world where the past comes alive.
- Discover Wadi Rum: The surreal landscapes of Wadi Rum are a must-see. Embark on a jeep tour or a camel trek through the mesmerizing desert, surrounded by towering sandstone mountains and unique rock formations.
- Experience Bedouin Hospitality: Spend a night in a traditional Bedouin camp in Wadi Rum. Immerse yourself in their culture, enjoy a campfire under a star-studded desert sky, and savor traditional Bedouin meals.
- Float in the Dead Sea: Experience the buoyancy of the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth. The high salt concentration allows you to effortlessly float on its surface. Don’t forget to slather yourself in the mineral-rich mud for a natural spa treatment.
- Visit Jerash: Nestled in the heart of Jordan, the ancient city of Jerash stands as a living testament to the grandeur of the Roman Empire, often dubbed as the “Pompeii of the East.” Its remarkably preserved ruins provide an immersive experience into the opulence and sophistication of ancient Roman urban planning. Majestic temples dedicated to Roman gods, monumental arches like Hadrian’s Arch, and awe-inspiring theaters with impeccable acoustics offer a vivid glimpse into the vibrant cultural and architectural life of the time. It’s an absolute must-see for history enthusiasts and lovers of antiquity.
- Hike in Dana Biosphere Reserve: a jewel of Jordan’s natural heritage, spans an impressive range of landscapes from the arid desert to verdant valleys, offering a haven for biodiversity. Its rugged terrain shelters a diverse array of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region. Hiking through the reserve’s trails provides not only breathtaking views but also a chance to witness the intricate interplay of nature in one of the Middle East’s most ecologically significant areas.
- Experience Amman’s Citadel: Visit the ancient citadel in Amman, where you can explore the remnants of various historical civilizations, including the Roman Temple of Hercules and the Umayyad Palace. Climb the Citadel and enjoy spectacular sunsets as the muezzin sounds across the city.
- Marvel at the Mosaics of Madaba: Madaba is known as the “City of Mosaics”. Visit St. George’s Church to see the famous Madaba Map, a 6th-century mosaic depicting the Holy Land.
- Relax in Aqaba: Enjoy the coastal charms of Aqaba along the Red Sea. Go snorkeling or diving to explore vibrant coral reefs, or simply relax on the beautiful beaches. The Red Sea was a great surprise to me. I did not expect Caribbean blue waters with such biodiversity to be present in the Red Sea, including 5 species of sea turtles.
- Sample Jordanian Cuisine: Indulge in the rich flavors of Jordanian cuisine. Jordanian cuisine is woven with rich flavors and centuries-old traditions. Characterized by its use of aromatic spices, wholesome ingredients, and a blend of influences from the Levant. Here are some suggestions:
- Mansaf: A quintessential Jordanian dish, Mansaf features tender pieces of slow-cooked lamb, served on a bed of fragrant rice and smothered in a rich sauce made from fermented dried yogurt (jameed). It’s often garnished with pine nuts and almonds for an extra layer of flavor and texture.
- Muhallebi: A creamy and luscious dessert made from milk, sugar, and rice flour. It’s delicately flavored with rosewater or orange blossom water and topped with a sprinkle of pistachios or almonds.
- Mezze: A delightful assortment of small, flavorful dishes that are perfect for sharing. Mezze includes classics like creamy hummus, smoky baba ganoush (eggplant dip), tangy pickled vegetables, stuffed grape leaves (dolma), and labneh (strained yogurt).
- Kebabs: Jordan is known for its succulent grilled meats, often marinated in a blend of aromatic spices. Whether it’s tender chunks of lamb or juicy chicken, kebabs are a popular choice for both locals and visitors alike.
- Shawarma: Thin slices of seasoned meat (often chicken or beef) are slow-cooked on a vertical rotisserie, resulting in juicy, flavorful layers. Served in a warm pita or flatbread with fresh vegetables and a variety of sauces, shawarma is a beloved street food.
- Maglouba: A comforting and flavorful dish, maglouba features layers of rice, vegetables, and your choice of meat (commonly chicken or lamb) all cooked together in a single pot. Once inverted onto a serving platter, the dish reveals beautifully arranged layers.
- Zarb: A traditional Bedouin-style barbecue, zarb involves marinating meat (often lamb or chicken) with aromatic spices and slow-cooking it in an underground pit. This method imparts a unique smoky flavor, making zarb a special treat for meat lovers.
- Mutabbaq: A savory pastry that features thin layers of dough filled with a delectable mixture of ingredients like spinach, cheese, and meat. It’s then folded, sealed, and baked to golden perfection, resulting in a delicious handheld snack.
- Explore Al-Karak Castle: Discover the history of the Crusaders by visiting Al-Karak Castle, an imposing fortress perched on a hill in southern Jordan. It offers panoramic views of the surrounding area.
- Falafel: These golden-brown, crispy balls are a staple of Middle Eastern cuisine. Made from ground chickpeas or fava beans blended with a mix of aromatic herbs and spices, falafel is deep-fried to perfection. Served in pita bread with fresh vegetables and a drizzle of creamy tahini sauce, it’s a satisfying and flavorful vegetarian option.
- Explore Al-Karak Castle: Al-Karak Castle stands as a formidable testament to the history of the Crusaders, its weathered walls echoing with tales of medieval warfare and strategic prowess. Perched majestically on a hill in southern Jordan, this imposing fortress commands awe with its commanding presence. As you explore its ancient corridors and ramparts, you’re transported back in time, imagining the knights and soldiers who once called this stronghold their home. From the castle’s lofty heights, the panoramic views offer a vista of the surrounding landscapes, providing a vivid perspective on the strategic significance of Al-Karak throughout history.
- Visit Mount Nebo: Stand where Moses is said to have glimpsed the Promised Land. From Mount Nebo, take in breathtaking views of the Jordan Valley, the Dead Sea, and the distant hills of Jerusalem.
Traveling to Jordan promises a journey through time, culture, and natural wonders. To make the most of your trip, consider these tips for a seamless and enriching adventure.
- Respect Local Customs and Traditions: Jordan is a country rich in tradition and culture. It’s important to dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or rural areas. Additionally, asking for permission before taking photographs of locals is a courteous gesture.
- Respect Religious Sites: When visiting mosques or other religious sites, it’s important to dress modestly and behave respectfully. Women may be required to cover their hair, and it’s customary to remove your shoes before entering.
- Stay Hydrated and Protect Against the Sun: Jordan has a desert climate, and temperatures can soar, particularly in the summer months. Carry a water bottle and sunscreen to stay hydrated and protect your skin from the sun’s rays. It’s also advisable to wear a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
- Try Local Transportation Options: Jordan has a well-connected network of taxis, buses, and even a modern light rail system in Amman. Consider using these modes of transportation to get around, as they offer a convenient and cost-effective way to explore the country.
- Learn Basic Arabic Phrases: While English is widely spoken in urban areas, learning a few basic Arabic phrases can go a long way in establishing rapport with locals. Simple greetings and expressions of gratitude are appreciated and often reciprocated warmly.
- Hello / Hi
- Arabic: مرحبا
- English Spelling: Marhaba
- Pronunciation: Mar-ha-ba
- Thank you
- Arabic: شكراً
- English Spelling: Shukran
- Pronunciation: Shook-rahn
- Yes
- Arabic: نعم
- English Spelling: Na’am
- Pronunciation: Nah-am
- No
- Arabic: لا
- English Spelling: La
- Pronunciation: Lah
- Goodbye
- Arabic: مع السلامة
- English Spelling: Ma’a as-salama
- Pronunciation: Ma-a as-sa-la-ma
- Hello / Hi
- Respect Natural and Archaeological Sites: Whether you’re exploring the ancient ruins of Petra or the pristine landscapes of Wadi Rum, it’s crucial to treat these sites with care and respect. Avoid touching or climbing on fragile structures, and dispose of trash responsibly.
- Experience Bedouin Hospitality: If you have the opportunity, spending a night in a Bedouin camp in places like Wadi Rum offers a unique cultural experience. Engage with the local community, savor traditional dishes, and immerse yourself in their time-honored customs.
- Stay Informed about Local Customs and Events: Keeping abreast of any local events, celebrations, or holidays during your visit can offer valuable insights into Jordanian culture. It’s a chance to witness traditions and festivities that may not be part of your original itinerary.
- Pack Modest Clothing: While Jordan is generally tolerant, it’s respectful to dress modestly, especially in more conservative areas or when visiting religious sites. Consider bringing lightweight, loose-fitting clothing that covers your shoulders and knees.
- Currency and ATMs: The currency in Jordan is the Jordanian Dinar (JOD). ATMs are widely available in cities and towns, making it convenient to withdraw cash. However, it’s a good idea to carry some cash for small purchases, especially in more remote areas.
- Bargaining at Markets: Bargaining is a common practice in Jordan’s markets and souks. Don’t be afraid to negotiate prices, but do so respectfully and with a smile. It can be a fun way to engage with local vendors and get a good deal.
- Check Visa Requirements: Before you travel, check if you need a visa to enter Jordan. Some nationalities may need to obtain a visa in advance, while others can get a visa on arrival. Make sure to have the necessary documents and fees ready. For U.S. citizens check the Department of States site for requirements by clicking here.
- Travel Insurance: It’s always a good idea to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and other unexpected events. This can provide peace of mind during your trip.
- Tipping: Tipping is customary in Jordan, especially in restaurants and for services like guides and drivers. It’s generally appreciated to leave a 10% to 15% tip for good service.
- Safety Precautions: Jordan is considered relatively safe for travelers, but like any destination, it’s important to exercise common sense. Be aware of your surroundings, avoid risky areas at night, and take precautions with your belongings.
- Explore Beyond the Main Attractions: While Petra and the Dead Sea are must-see destinations, don’t hesitate to venture off the beaten path. Jordan has many hidden gems like Dana Biosphere Reserve, Ajloun Forest Reserve, and lesser-known historical sites.
As you set forth on your journey to Jordan, I encourage you to immerse yourself fully in the marvels that await. Let the city of Petra and the waters of the Dead Sea captivate your senses. Delight in the exquisite flavors of Jordanian cuisine and relish every moment of this adventure. Take in the ancient history and enjoy the warm hospitality of the people you encounter. May your time in Jordan be filled with unforgettable experiences. Enjoy every step of this journey!
